Gas or oil burner



mo ModeL') 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. G. PALM. GAS 0R OIL BURNER.

No. 556,104. I Patented'MaJr. 10, 1896.

I 2 She etsSheet 2.

(No Model.)

G. PALM; V GAS on OIL BURNER.

Patented Mar. 10, 1896-.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE PALM, OF BUTLER, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO M. II.BROOKS, OF SAME PLACE.

GAS OR OIL BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 556,104, dated March10, 1896.

Application filed January 28, 1893. Serial No. 459,997. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, GEORGE PALM, a resident of Butler, in the county ofButler and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a newand'useful'Improvement in Gas or Oil Burners; and I do hereby declarethe following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to burners for use with either gas or oil or withgas and oil combined, its object being to provide a suitable burner bywhich the materials for maintaining or supporting combustion may beproperly intermingled in the proper conditions for obtaining the highestheat therefrom, and for this purpose, where gas is used for fuel,'if thesupply of gas be limited it may be supplemented by the addition ofoil-vapors, or where the oil only is used for fuel it may be properlyvaporized and intermingled with air and superheated steam and introducedinto the furnace, and the resultant flame and heat generated may beproperly distributed within the furnace-chamber to obtainthe bestresults therefrom.

The particular points of invention desired to be covered will behereinafter described and claimed. 7

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention I willdescribe the same, referring to the accompanying drawings, in

' which Figure 1 illustrates my invention as applied to a steam-boilerfurnace. Fig. 2 is a side view of the burner. Fig. 3 is a top viewthereof. Fig. i is a longitudinal vertical section. Fig. 5 is a front orface view. Fig. 6 is a section on the line .6 6, Fig. 4; and Fig. 7 is asection on the line 7 7, Fig. 4.

Like letters of reference indicate like parts in each view.

Though the burner is shown as applied to a steam-boiler A and locatedwithin the firechamber a thereof, yet it is to be understood thatit maybe employed with any suitable heating, metallurgic, or like furnace, theinvention being shown in connection with a steam-boiler furnace, as itis a fair illustration of the same, and also showing the source of thesteam supply which it is desirable to employ with the burner. The burneris supported upon-the grate-bars a, being shown so suptrolled by thevalve f.

ported at one end by the vertical air-inlet pipe 1), leading into theair-heating chamber 17, which is preferably formed of a long rectangularhollow boX, with the inner end of which the inlet-pipe b communicates,while at the opposite end, which generally projects through the frontwall of the furnace, is the air-feeding chamber c, which supplies air tothe mixing-chamber d, projecting into the furnace-chamber.

The burner, as formed for shipment, has preferably the front plate 6,corresponding substantially in shape to the door of the boiler-furnace,so that it may fit against the opening of the door and. close suchopening and provide the necessary means for securing the burner inplace, and in such front plate, 8, is the port e, which is closed by thecap or plate 6 which can be opened for the purpose of lighting theburner or inspecting the flame or heat generated in the furnace.

As above stated, the burner is constructed for employment either withgas or oil, or the two combined, and the gas-pipe f communicates withthe in j ection-chamber g,with which the superheated-steam pipe hcommunicates and with which the vaporized-oil pipe c'communicates, asshown in full lines, Fig. 5, and in dotted lines, Fig. 4, and from whichthe injection-pipe It leads into the air-chamber c, acting inconjunction with the mixing-chamber 61 as a siphon to draw in airthrough the inlet-pipe b, air-heating box I), and air-feeding chamber 0.The gas-supply pipe fis con- The steam-pipe h leads from the boiler andcommunicates with the return-pipes 7L2 h which extend into the furnacechamber above the body of the burner, and where they are exposed to thefull heat generated within the furnace, so that the heat can circulatearound the same in its passage into the boiler orother place to beheated. The steam is thus highly superheated within said return-pipesand passes thence into the chamber g and acts in connection with thenozzle g as an injector to draw in the gas and intermingle thesuperheated steam with the gas and force such intermingled steam and gasthrough the tube or nozzle 70, so as to in termingle the combined steamand gas With the air entering through the air-feedin g chamber c tocause the combustion thereof within the combustion-chamber (1, so as tocause combustion within said chamber and within the fire-chamber a.

It will be noticed that the nozzle k extends into, but not through, theair-feeding chamber c, this construction being employed so that theremay be a greater intermingling of the steam and gas or oil-vapor withthe air and a greater combustion thereof within the mixing-chamber (Zwhich projects into the furnace-chamber.

For the purpose of introducing oil into the burner I provide theoil-supply pipe m, controlled by the valve m and valve 012 whichcommunicates with the oil-heating pipes 72 n, which form a return-pipesystem leading to the oil-pipe i, communicating with the chamber g ofthe burner. The pipes 02 a extend therefrom along the base of the burnereither outside of the air-heating box or chamber 1), as shown in Figs.1, 3, and 6, or within such air-heating box I), as shown in Figs. 2, 4:,5, and 7, the latter construction being preferably employed where it isintended to use both gas and oil for maintaining combustion.Communicating with the pipe m is the airsupply pipe 1), controlled bythe valve 1), which is utilized for the purpose of introdueing air tothe oil flowing through the pipe m, the upper end of the pipe 1) beingopen and the air being drawn in with the oil and passing therewiththrough the return-pipes a n, so that the oil-vapor formed by theheating of the oil within the pipes 71 n is intermingled with the airentering through such pipes and the combined stream of oil-vapor andheated air is fed through the pipe i to the chamber g.

The apparatus is so arranged that the head of oil entering through thepipe at will not rise to any great height within the pipe 1), this beingarranged by the location of the tank supplying the oil to the pipe m,and therefore there is no fear of overflow from the pipe 1). Said pipe13, together with the pipes m and the return-pipes n n, may also beutilized for the feeding of air when only gas is employed as fuel, saidpipes providing a means for feeding the heated air into theinjector-chamber g and regulating the supply of air which is additionalto that entering through the airheating chamber 1).

For the purpose of properly distributing the flame and heat generatedand the gases not yet consumed I provide the system of deflecting-platesillustrated in the drawings, the deflecting-plate 0' extending acrossthe mouth of the chamber d some distance in front of the same and havingan upward curve or flare, so that part of the gas and flame will bedeflected upwardly within the furnacechamber, while the said plate 4' isprovided with perforations)", through which part of the flame and gaseswill pass under the force by which they are introduced into thefirechamber, and will strike against the deflecting-plate 8, locatedback of the plate 7', which plates are solid and have vertical faces andare curved backwardly from the central point 8 thereof, where they meet,so as to cause the flame and heated products striking again st them tobe thrown against the walls of the furnace or fire chamber. The plates4' and s are secured to the top of the box Z) by suitable bolts, theplates .9 having the bearin 5 through which bolts pass into threadedseats in said box, and in case it is desired that part of the flame andheated products shall pass between said plates they can be set so thattheir points 5 are some distance apart and will permit the passage ofsome of the flame and heated products to the rear end of thefurnaceehamber, the deflecting'plates s being thus made adjustable uponthe box and providing for the direction of the flame and heated productsagainst any part of the wall desired, either the part thereof back ofthe wall, and at the same time against the side walls, or only againstthe side walls of the furnace. On the box I) are the stop-pins whichserve to limit the outward movement of the deflecting-plates s when theyare spread apart.

I will describe the operation of the apparatus, first when employed withgas alone for heating, and afterward with the employment of oil alone,and then when employed with both gas and oil, the burner being capableof use in any of the three ways.

The gas enters through the pipe f, the amount thereof being regulated bythe valve and at the same time the steam enters through the pipe 72 andsuperhcating-pipes 71k 7L and thus communicates by the pipe h with thenozzle g of the injector-chamber g, the superheated steam drawing in thegas and becoming mingled therewith and forcing the gas through thesecondary nozzle 7c into the combustion-chamber (Z. At the same time, iffound necessary, the valve 1) in the pipe 1) and the valve m in the pipem are open, the supply of oil being of course cut off by the valve m,and the air flows through the returnpipes a a and is heated therein andenters by the pipe a into the injeetor-cha1nber g, the supply of air tothe injector-chamber being thus regulated. The combined gas andsuperheated steam, or gas, superheated steam and air, entering throughthe nozzle act as an inj eetor to draw in the main air supply throughthe inlet-pipe Z) and air-heating box I: and air-feeding chamber 0, theair rising within the chamber 0 around the nozzle 7;. and being drawn inby the force of the stream from the injector-chamber g, the gas,superheated steam and air thus intermingled forming combustion in thecombustion-chamber (I, a large body of the same being projected throughsuch combustion-chamber into the fire-chamber of the furnace, and theflame, heated products and unconsumed gases striking against theupwardly-curved deflector-plate r, and as a result a large portion ofthe heat so gener ated, together with the flame, being deflectedupwardly within the fire-chamber, where perfect combustion of the fuelis obtained. At the same time a portion of the flame and heated productsand unconsumed gas and air pass through the perforations or openings 0*in the deflector-plate r and strike against the deflector-plates s,which are curved outwardly, as above described, and act to deflect thesame against the walls of the furnace, a large portion of the commingledgas and air and heated products being forced in this way through suchopenings 7, and on account of the velocity of the force with which thesame are projected against the deflector-plate r and the gases beingconsumed back of said deflector-plate r, and the flame and heatedproducts being thrown by the deflector-plates 8 against the walls of thefire-chamber. It is found that by the employment of these simple formsof deflector-plates a very even distribution of the heated productswithin the firechamber is obtained, and according as the heat is desiredin the forward part of the firechamber or the rear thereof saiddeflectorplates may be opened and adjusted by the bolts 5 as abovedescribed, the opening of the deflector-plates permitting the passage ofsome of the flame and heated products between them to the rear of thefire-chamber, and in such cases the deflector-plates being curved at agreater angle toward the rear of the furnace-chamber and assisting indistributing the flame and heated products in said part of the chamber.Itis found that a very high heat can be generated in this way, and thatpractically perfect combustion of all gas employed for fuel can beobtained.

\Vhen it is desired to employ only the oil as a means for heating, incase the gas connection is not made with the pipe J", said pipe may beemployed as an air-entrance, being controlled by its valve f. At thesame time the oil flows through the pipe m in a small stream regulatedby the valves m m and the proper quantity of air is admitted through thepipe 1), the air and oil flowing into the pipes at n being vaporizedunder the heat of the furnace therein, and the mingled air and oilentering through the pipe 6 into the inj ector-chamber g. It is here metby the current of superheated steam through the nozzle g and carriedthereby through the secondary nozzle 70, together with air enteringthrough the pipe f, the combined oil-vapor, superheated steam and airflowing through the nozzle and acting as an injector to draw in airthrough the air-heating box I) and the chamber a intothecombustion-chamber d, where combustion is formed, the operation of theburning of the oil-vapor with the air and superheated steam beingpractically the same as that described in connection with the burning ofgas, as above set forth.

It often happens in the drilling and operation of oil-wells, for the useof which this burner is especially applicable, such as for heating theboilers at such wells, that the supply of gas will weaken from differentcauses, and it is desired to supplement the supply of gas by a suitablequantity of oil, and for such purpose the gas enters through the pipe f,the oil through the pipe m, the supply of oil and air passing throughsuch pipe m and the oil-heating, pipes m n being regulated by the valvesm, m and 19'', so that a proper quantity of vaporized oil and air is fedto the injector-chamber g, so as to be intermingled with the gasentering through the pipe f, and the superheated steam from the pipe71-, entering through the nozzle g, will force the combined gas,oil-vapor and air through the secondary nozzle k, where it is metby theheated air rising through the chamber c and forced into thecombustion-chamber d, the course of the flame, gas and air and heatedproducts within such chamber being practically the same as that abovedescribed. V

The oil-heating pipes 11 n may be located either within the air-heatingbox b or outside of the same within the furnace-chamber, botharrangements being illustrated. Where oil is employed as the fuel, Iprefer to locate the oil-heating pipes within the airheating box, as theincoming current of air, while sufficiently heated to cause thevaporization of the oil, is not raised to such a heat as to cause thebreaking up of the same and the filling up of the pipes with carbon. Theair is heatedin this box to an even temperature, and this heated air isthe means employed for vaporizing the oil, and practical use has proventhat the pipes remain free from such sediment. The air introduced withthe oil through these pipes also assists in preventing the cloggingthereof.

The practical operation of these burners has proven that they areexceedingly efficient in the generation of a high heat with theexpenditure of a comparatively small quantity of either gas or oil, andthat they are easily operated so as to maintain an even heat within thefurnace-chamber, and also that they provide that which is very desirablein many furnaces, a means for changing from one form of fuel to theother, according to the supply of the same provided, so that especiallyin connection with oil-well drilling or operating the necessity ofchanging the furnace in case the gas supply fails or weakens is overcomeand all the gases and oil-vapors employed may be properly intermingledwith steam and air, and the proper supply of the same suitable forforming combustion may be regulated as may be found best for thesuccessful use of the burner. The superheated steam introduced with theoil or gas is not only utilized for the injection of gas or vaporemployed to maintain combustion, but as it is highly superheated it isquickly broken up into its elements in the presence of such gas or vaporand adds greatly to the heat generated within the furnace, the oxygensupporting the combustion, While the hydrogen so liberated provides anadditional gas for maintaining the combustion Within the furnace.

\Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

1. A burner having devices for introduein g gaseous or vaporous fuel,and a horizontal combustion-ehalnber leading therefrom, in combinationwith an mpwardly-curved deflector-plate in front of saidcombustionchamber, said deflector-plate having openings therein, andhaving a space back of the same into which the gas may pass through suchplate, substantially as set forth.

2. A burner having devices for introducing gaseous or vaporous fuel, anda horizontal combustion-chamber leading therefrom, in combination withan upwardlyeuwed de-

